Generation of a new thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line by targeted mutagenesis of TMS5 gene through CRISPR/Cas9 system

Background: Two-line hybrid rice with high yield potential is increasingly popular and the photo- and temperature-sensitive male sterile line is one of the basic components for two-line hybrid rice breeding. The development of male sterile lines through conventional breeding is a lengthy and laborious process, whereas developing thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines for two-line hybrid breeding by editing a temperature-sensitivity gene by CRISPR/Cas9 is efficient and convenient. Results: Here, thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) was induced by employing the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to modify the gene TMS5. Two TGMS mutants, tms5-1 and tms5-2, both lacking any residual T-DNA, were generated in the indica rice cultivar Zhongjiazao17 (cv. YK17) background. When grown at a sub-optimal temperature (22 degrees C), both mutants produced viable pollen and successfully produced grain through self-fertilization, but at temperatures 24 and 26 degrees C, their pollen was sterile and no grain was set. F-1 hybrids derived from the crosses between YK17S (tms5-1) and three different restorer lines outperformed both parental lines with respect to grain yield and related traits. Conclusion: The YK17S generated by CRISPR/Cas9 system was proved to be a new TGMS line with superior yield potential and can be widely utilized in two-line hybrid breeding of indica rice.