In-situ construction of coral-like porous P-doped g-C3N4 tubes with hybrid 1D/2D architecture and high efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Developing novel methods to prepare hollow one-dimensional (1D) carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanostructure is highly attractive in photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production. Herein, a simple, self-assembly synthesis of coral-like 3D porous P-doped g-C3N4 tubes (PCNT) by the combination of pyrolysis and freeze-drying method was reported. Attributed to the integrated merits of 1D tubular structure, 2D nanosheets and phosphorus doping, the as-prepared hollow PCNT exhibits superior photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. Owing to their higher specific surface area, enhanced light absorption, and better charge carrier separation and transfer, the maximum apparent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of PCNT is 2020 mu mol g(-1) h(-1), which is about 4.7 folds and 22.4 folds than that of g-C3N4 tubes and pristine bulk g-C3N4, respectively. Moreover, a possible photocatalytic mechanism and nanostructure formation process based on the experimental results are proposed. The novel growth strategy developed here may offer a new avenue for the rational design and synthesis of potentially efficient photocatalyst with 1D/2D integrated nanoarchitecture.