Progress and Prospects of Graphdiyne-Based Materials in Biomedical Applications

Graphdiyne is a new member of the family of carbon-based nanomaterials that possess two types of carbon atoms, sp- and sp(2)-hybridized carbon atoms. As a novel 2D carbon-based nanomaterial with unique planar structure, such as uniformly distributed nanopores and large conjugated structure, graphdiyne has shown many fascinating properties in mechanics, electronics, and optics since it was first experimentally synthesized in 2010. Up to now, graphdiyne and its derivatives have been reported to be successfully applied in many areas, such as catalysis, energy, environment, and biomedicine, due to these excellent properties. Herein, the current research progress of graphdiyne-based materials in biomedical fields is summarized, including biosensing, biological protection, cancer therapy, tissue engineering, etc. The advantages of graphdiyne and its derivatives are presented and compared with other carbon-based materials. Considering the potential biomedical and clinical applications of graphdiyne-based materials, the toxicity and biocompatibility are also discussed based on current studies. Finally, future perspectives and possible biomedical applications of graphdiyne-based materials are also discussed.