Biallelic Mutations in MITF Cause Coloboma, Osteopetrosis, Microphthalmia, Macrocephaly, Albinism, and Deafness

Human MITF is, by convention, called the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor'' because of previously published seminal mouse genetic studies; however, mutations in MITF have never been associated with microphthalmia in humans. Here, we describe a syndrome that we term COMMAD, characterized by coloboma, osteopetrosis, microphthalmia, macrocephaly, albinism, and deafness. COMMAD is associated with biallelic MITF mutant alleles and hence suggests a role for MITF in regulating processes such as optic-fissure closure and bone development or homeostasis, which go beyond what is usually seen in individuals carrying monoallelic MITF mutations.