期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
卷 103, 期 5, 页码 899-911出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500352
关键词
climatic niche; disparification through time; Gentianaceae; niche evolution; species distribution modeling; stochastic character mapping; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; Tripterospermum
资金
- research funding program LOEWE-Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-oekonomischer Exzellenz of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts
- Swiss National Science Foundation [PBEZP3_137314]
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [FA117/1-1]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [PBEZP3_137314] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Geological and climatic changes associated with the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) have been suggested as drivers for biological diversification locally and in neighboring regions. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the niche evolution of Tripterospermum (Gentianaceae) and related Asian genera through time. METHODS: We conducted Species Distribution Modeling using Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt). Furthermore, we performed stochastic character mapping and produced disparity-through-time plots, and examined putative key innovations using the binary state speciation and extinction approach (BISSE). KEY RESULTS: Kuepferia and Sinogentiana prefer the coolest and driest habitat, having rather conserved niches. Despite a tendency for niche evolution, Crawfurdia and Metagentiana are probably restricted to a narrow distribution range because of their poor dispersal ability. In contrast, Tripterospermum has the broadest niche and occurs under the warmest and wettest conditions. A higher degree of niche evolution and a more efficient dispersal mechanism allowed this genus to diversify more and occupy a broader distribution range. CONCLUSIONS: The QTP genera producing dry capsules, whether displaying niche conservatism (Kuepferia and Sinogentiana) or a tendency for niche evolution (Crawfurdia and Metagentiana), are less species-rich and have a more restricted distribution than Tripterospermum (stronger niche evolution and berry-like fruits). The evolution of berry-like fruits corresponds to increased speciation rates, and could therefore be viewed as a key innovation. In contrast to the majority of studies on plants occurring around the QTP, we find that speciation was probably mediated by niche breadth and dispersal ability rather than geophysical changes.
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