期刊
CANCERS
卷 10, 期 10, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100373
关键词
5-fluorouracil resistance; p21; cytoplasmic p21; Chk2; colorectal cancer; protein interaction
类别
资金
- Emerging Fields Initiative Cell Cycle in Disease and Regeneration (CYDER)
- Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. program of the Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok [PHD/0063/2557]
- 100th Anniversary Chulalongkorn University Fund for Doctoral Scholarship
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University [Phar2561-RGI-02]
The oncogenic cytoplasmic p21 contributes to cancer aggressiveness and chemotherapeutic failure. However, the molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we show for the first time that cytoplasmic p21 mediates 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) resistance by shuttling p-Chk2 out of the nucleus to protect the tumor cells from its pro-apoptotic functions. We observed that cytoplasmic p21 levels were up-regulated in 5FU-resistant colorectal cancer cells in vitro and the in vivo Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Kinase array analysis revealed that p-Chk2 is a key target of cytoplasmic p21. Importantly, cytoplasmic form of p21 mediated by p21(T145D) transfection diminished p-Chk2-mediated activation of E2F1 and apoptosis induction. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and proximity ligation assay showed that p21 forms a complex with p-Chk2 under 5FU exposure. Using in silico computer modeling, we suggest that the p21/p-Chk2 interaction hindered the nuclear localization signal of p-Chk2, and therefore, the complex is exported out of the nucleus. These findings unravel a novel mechanism regarding an oncogenic role of p21 in regulation of resistance to 5FU-based chemotherapy. We suggest a possible value of cytoplasmic p21 as a prognosis marker and a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer patients.
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