期刊
NATURE ENERGY
卷 3, 期 12, 页码 1076-1083出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41560-018-0276-z
关键词
-
资金
- Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technology Office [DE-EE0007795, DE-EE0007803]
The cycle life and energy density of rechargeable metal batteries are largely limited by the dendritic growth of their metal anodes (lithium, sodium or zinc). Here we develop a three-dimensional cross-linked polyethylenimine lithium-ion-affinity sponge as the lithium metal anode host to mitigate the problem. We show that electrokinetic surface conduction and electro-osmosis within the high-zeta-potential sponge change the concentration and current density profiles, which enables dendrite-free plating/stripping of lithium with a high Coulombic efficiency at high deposition capacities and current densities, even at low temperatures. The use of a lithium-hosting sponge leads to a significantly improved cycling stability of lithium metal batteries with a limited amount of lithium (for example, the areal lithium ratio of negative to positive electrodes is 0.6) at a commercial-level areal capacity. We also observed dendrite-free morphology in sodium and zinc anodes, which indicates a broader promise of this approach.
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