Bacterial profile, antibiotic resistance pattern and associated factors among cancer patients at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Introduction: Cancer is alarmingly increased in developing countries like Ethiopia, where multidrug resistant bacterial infection is rampant. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial profile, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and associated factors among cancer patients attending University of Gondar Hospital. Methods: A consecutive 216 cancer patients were recruited from February to April, 2017. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Culture and antibiotic resistance were done following standard microbiological procedures. Result: The overall prevalence of bacterial infection was 19.4%. The predominant bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (28.6%), followed by coagulase negative staphylococci (26.2%) and Escherichia coli (21.4%). Multidrug resistance was detected in 46.5% bacterial isolates. Methicillin resistance was detected in 25% of S. aureus and in 45.5% of coagulase negative staphylococci. Fluoroquinolone resistance was detected in 33.3% of E. coli isolates. Cancer patients with solid tumor, started cancer therapy, and being symptomatic had higher odds of culture positivity. Conclusion: The overall burden of bacterial infection among cancer patients is considerably high. The findings of this study inform baseline information for policymakers and call for additional studies with large isolates in different cancer treatment centers in the region and in the country to better understand the bacterial isolate and resistance pattern.