Etomidate-induced hypotension: a pathophysiological approach using arterial elastance

Introduction: Anaesthesia frequently induces hypotension. Several recent studies have analysed arterial elastance (Ea) in order to describe clinical variations of mean arterial pressure (MAP). The objective of the study was to assess Ea to explain MAP variation following etomidate induction. Methods: We conducted a prospective single-centre study. Inclusion criteria were patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with invasive blood pressure monitoring. Ea was expressed as Pes/SV (Pes: end systolic pressure, SV: stroke volume). Cardiac index (CI), peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and arterial compliance (C) was compared before and 2 minutes after etomidate induction. Arterial hypotension was defined as a decrease greater than 15% of the baseline MAP. Results: Of the 45 patients included, 24 (53%) had a preserved MAP and 21 (47%) had an etomidate-induced hypotension. Ea was similar before induction and decreased in the decreased MAP group 2 minutes after induction (2.0 mmHg.ml-1 [1.7-2.4] vs 1.4 mmHg.ml-1 [0.9-1.9]; p = 0.001). Arterial compliance (C) increased in the decreased MAP group 2 minutes after induction (0.8 ml. mmHg-1 [0.6-1.0] vs 0.5 ml. mmHg-1 [0.4-0.6], p < 0.0001). No significant change in CI or PVR was observed between patients with or without etomidate-induced hypotension. Conclusion: Etomidate-induced hypotension was associated to a decrease in Ea. Ea variations can mainly be explained by induced changes in arterial compliance. (C) 2018 Societe francaise d'anesthesie et de reanimation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.