Methods for RNA Modification Mapping Using Deep Sequencing: Established and New Emerging Technologies

New analytics of post-transcriptional RNA modifications have paved the way for a tremendous upswing of the biological and biomedical research in this field. This especially applies to methods that included RNA-Seq techniques, and which typically result in what is termed global scale modification mapping. In this process, positions inside a cell's transcriptome are receiving a status of potential modification sites (so called modification calling), typically based on a score of some kind that issues from the particular method applied. The resulting data are thought to represent information that goes beyond what is contained in typical transcriptome data, and hence the field has taken to use the term epitranscriptome. Due to the high rate of newly published mapping techniques, a significant number of chemically distinct RNA modifications have become amenable to mapping, albeit with variegated accuracy and precision, depending on the nature of the technique. This review gives a brief overview of known techniques, and how they were applied to modification calling.