期刊
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
卷 9, 期 3, 页码 1458-1472出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4867
关键词
La Selva Biological Station; Costa Rica; multinomial analysis; neighborhood crowding index; ordinal data; plant population and community dynamics; reproduction; resource gradient; soil nutrient availability
资金
- Division of Environmental Biology [DEB 0075472, DEB 0640904, DEB 1256747, DEB 1354414, DEB 0743609]
- Environmental Protection Agency [FP-91714201-0]
In tropical forest communities, seedling recruitment can be limited by the number of fruit produced by adults. Fruit production tends to be highly unequal among trees of the same species, which may be due to environmental factors. We observed fruit production for similar to 2,000 trees of 17 species across 3years in a wet tropical forest in Costa Rica. Fruit production was modeled as a function of tree size, nutrient availability, and neighborhood crowding. Following model selection, tree size and neighborhood crowding predicted both the probability of reproduction and the number of fruit produced. Nutrient availability only predicted only the probability of reproduction. In all species, larger trees were more likely to be reproductive and produce more fruit. In addition, number of fruit was strongly negatively related to presence of larger neighboring trees in 13 species; presence of all neighboring trees had a weak-to-moderate negative influence on reproductive status in 16 species. Among various metrics of soil nutrient availability, only sum of base cations was positively associated with reproductive status, and for only four species. Synthesis Overall, these results suggest that direct influences on fruit production tend to be mediated through tree size and crowding from neighboring trees, rather than soil nutrients. However, we found variation in the effects of neighbors and nutrients among species; mechanistic studies of allocation to fruit production are needed to explain these differences.
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