Visible-Light-Mediated Regioselective Chlorosulfonylation of Alkenes and Alkynes: Introducing the Cu(II) Complex [Cu(dap)Cl2] to Photochemical ATRA Reactions

A visible-light-mediated photocatalyzed protocol utilizing copper-phenanthroline-based catalysts has been developed that can convert a large number of olefins into their chlorosulfonylated products. Besides the Cu(I) complex [Cu(dap)(2)]Cl, now well-established in photo-ATRA processes, the corresponding Cu(II) complex [Cu(dap)Cl-2] proved to be often even more efficient in the title reaction, being advantageous from an economic point of view but also opening up new avenues for photoredox catalysis. Moreover, the copper complexes outperformed commonly used ruthenium, iridium, or organic dye based photocatalysts, owing to their ability to stabilize or interact with transient radicals by inner sphere mechanisms. The use of stoichiometric Na2CO3 in combination with the copper photocatalysts was found to be essential to convert unactivated olefins to the desired products, in contrast to activated olefins for which no additive was required. As suggested by appropriate control experiments, the role of Na2CO3 is attributed to prevention of poisoning of the catalyst.