期刊
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
卷 9, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06745-6
关键词
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资金
- US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division [DE-FG02-86ER13491, DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- excellence cluster The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging: Structure, Dynamics, and Control of Matter at the Atomic Scale of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515]
- National Science Foundation EPSCoR Track II Award [IIA-1430493]
- Volkswagen foundation
- Helmholtz Gemeinschaft through the Helmholtz Young Investigator Program
- X-ray Free Electron Laser Priority Strategy Program of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT)
- Research Program of Dynamic Alliance (five star alliance) for Open Innovation Bridging Human, Environment and Materials in Network Joint Research Center for Materials and Devices
- TAGEN project
An accurate description of the interaction of intense hard X-ray pulses with heavy atoms, which is crucial for many applications of free-electron lasers, represents a hitherto unresolved challenge for theory because of the enormous number of electronic configurations and relativistic effects, which need to be taken into account. Here we report results on multiple ionization of xenon atoms by ultra-intense (about 10(19) W/cm(2)) femtosecond X-ray pulses at photon energies from 5.5 to 8.3 keV and present a theoretical model capable of reproducing the experimental data in the entire energy range. Our analysis shows that the interplay of resonant and relativistic effects results in strongly structured charge state distributions, which reflect resonant positions of relativistically shifted electronic levels of highly charged ions created during the X-ray pulse. The theoretical approach described here provides a basis for accurate modeling of radiation damage in hard X-ray imaging experiments on targets with high-Z constituents.
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