Biological functions of epicatechin: Plant cell to human cell health

Research on epicatechin as a potential nutraceutical has gained huge interest due to its critical biological functions and ease of availability. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have been carried out to explore its therapeutic potential and have shown excellent biological effects. In spite of its wide range of biological activity, poor bioavailability and instability in in vivo system have limited its application. One of our studies on nano formulation of catechin rich extract suggested enhanced antioxidant activity and in vitro bioavailability. In this review, we have provided information on the discovery of epicatechin in plants and its role in the protection of plant. Additionally, information on the biological activities of epicatechin in animals and human is discussed. Article also showcases factors that influence pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of epicatechin. An ample coverage on the scope and applications of nanotechnology in the bioavailability enhancement and biological effects are duly emphasized.