Incidence and predictors of venous thromboembolism in medically ill hospitalized elderly cancer patients: a prospective observational study

PurposeThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and predictors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in medically ill hospitalized elderly cancer patients in a single Korean tertiary hospital.MethodsPatients were examined for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by duplex and color Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) of both legs between days 5 and 14 of their hospital stays. The primary endpoint was the incidence of VTE by day 14, which was determined via a composite of DVT detected by routine DUS and symptomatic VTE.ResultsA total of 140 patients with 31 hematologic and 109 nonhematologic malignancies were analyzed. The median age was 73years, and 45.7% of the patients were female. The median length of hospital stay was 12days. The modified Padua prediction score (PPS) 4 was 92.9%. The incidence of VTE by day 14 was 7.1%, including six proximal and four distal DVT cases. Being female, having a length of hospital stay of 13days, and having a modified Padua prediction score of 6 were risk factors of VTE in univariate analysis. The incidence of VTE was 2.3%, 7.3%, and 41.7% in patients with 0-1, 2, and 3 of these risk factors, respectively.ConclusionThe incidence of VTE in medically ill hospitalized elderly cancer patients was lower in Korean patients than in Western patients. However, the risk of VTE in those with more than two risk factors (female, long length of hospitalization, and high PPS) increased considerably, and pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis is warranted in these cases.