The Impact of Nano- and Microstructure on the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

Halide perovskites have emerged recently as a promising candidate for the next generation of photovoltaics. Power conversion efficiencies for laboratoryscale devices surpass those of established technologies, such as multicrystalline silicon. However, perovskite solar cells lose their initial efficiency rapidly due to the convolution of several degradation factors, which hinder the process of industrialization. In this review, the important role of the nano- and microstructure of the perovskite layer in the performance and stability of the device are discussed. The defects located predominantly at the grain boundawithin the perovskite film and at the interface of the perovskite with the other can compromise the devices' stability. Thus, lowering the surface and interface concentration of defects is a key approach toward longterm stable perovskite solar cells.