Predictive factors and biomarkers for the 2-year outcome of uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: data from the Inception Cohort of Newly diagnosed patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (ICON-JIA) study

Objective. To define predictors for the 2-year outcome in terms of achieving inactivity, subsequent uveitis reactivation and occurrence of uveitis-related complications of JIA-associated uveitis. Methods. Demographic and clinical parameters and serum samples of JIA-associated uveitis patients enrolled in ICON at <= year of JIA diagnosis were collected at study enrolment, every 3 months during the first year and subsequently every 6 months. Predictors for the 2-year outcome were evaluated by linear mixed models. Results. Of 954 JIA patients included, uveitis occurred in 106 up to the first 2-year follow-up, with 98 of them having complete ophthalmological documentation. In 81.8% and 80.0% of patients, uveitis inactivity was achieved at the 1- and 2-year follow-up after uveitis onset, respectively. JIA onset after the age of 5 years, no use of topical corticosteroids, and adalimumab treatment were significantly associated with an inactive uveitis for at least 6 months (n = 57). Correlates for subsequent uveitis reactivation (n = 16, 30.2%) were age at uveitis onset <= 5 years and active disease (clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score >4.5). Uveitis-related complications were present in 29.8% of patients at first uveitis documentation and in 30.7% and 32.8% at 1- and 2-year follow-up, respectively. Older age at JIA onset, short duration between JIA and uveitis onset, high anterior chamber (AC) cell grades, poor visual acuity, and topical steroid use at first uveitis documentation correlated with uveitis-related complications. Conclusion. In addition to demographic risk factors, JIA disease and uveitis activity scores and adalimumab are significant predictors for the 2-year outcome of JIA-associated uveitis patients.