期刊
PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH
卷 69, 期 -, 页码 38-56出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.003
关键词
Retinal degeneration; Pluripotent stem cells; Retinal pigment epithelium; Stem cell-derived retinal cell; Retinal tissue; Transplantation
资金
- National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFA0105300, 2017YFB0403700]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81522014, 81700848]
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LD18H120001LD, LQ17H120005]
- Zhejiang Provincial Key RD Program [2015C03029]
- Wenzhou Science and Technology Innovation Team Project [C20150004]
- Ministry of Education 111 project [D16011]
Cell replacement therapy is a promising treatment for irreversible retinal cell death in diverse diseases, such as age related macular degeneration (AMD), Stargardt's disease, retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and glaucoma. These diseases are all characterized by the degeneration of one or two retinal cell types that cannot regenerate spontaneously in humans. Aberrant retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells can be observed through optical coherence tomography (OCT) in AMD patients. In RP patients, the morphological and functional abnormalities of RPE and photoreceptor layers are caused by a genetic abnormality. Stargardt's disease or juvenile macular degeneration, which is characterized by the loss of the RPE and photoreceptors in the macular area, causes central vision loss at an early age. Loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can be observed in patients with glaucoma. Once the retinal cell degeneration is triggered, no treatments can reverse it. Transplantation-based approaches have been proposed as a universal therapy to target patients with various concomitant diseases. Both the replacement of dead cells and neuroprotection are strategies used to rescue visual function in animal models of retinal degeneration. Diverse retinal cell types derived from pluripotent stem cells, including RPE cells, photoreceptors, RGCs and even retinal organoids with a layered structure, provide unlimited cell sources for transplantation. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multifunctional and protect degenerating retinal cells. The aim of this review is to summarize current findings from preclinical and clinical studies. We begin with a brief introduction to retinal degenerative diseases and cell death in diverse diseases, followed by methods for retinal cell generation. Preclinical and clinical studies are discussed, and future concerns about efficacy, safety and immunorejection are also addressed.
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