期刊
PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
卷 102, 期 -, 页码 296-345出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.12.003
关键词
Mechanical properties; High-entropy alloys; Fracture; Fatigue; Dynamic behavior
资金
- U.S. Department of Energy through grant NNSA/SSAP [DE-NA0002080]
- UCSD Center for High Energy Density Science (UCOP LAB FEES GRANT) [LFR-17-449059]
- Mechanical Behavior of Materials Program (KC13) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- University of California Research Laboratories [09-LR-06-118456-MEYM]
- China Scholarship Council [201508020004]
High-entropy alloys (HEAs), also known as multi-principal element alloys or multi-component alloys, have been the subject of numerous investigations since they were first described in 2004. The earliest HEA was the equiatomic CrMnFeCoNi Cantor alloy, but HEM now encompass a broad class of metallic and ceramic systems. The concept of utilizing the high entropy of mixing to develop stable multi-element alloys may not be scientifically correct but has produced extraordinary mechanical properties in specific HEAs, mainly CrCoNi-based alloys, associated with their continuous work-hardening rate that is sustained to large plastic strains (similar to 0.5) and at low temperatures. This, in combination with the high frictional forces on dislocations and a propensity for twinning, leads to outstandingly high fracture toughness values (exceeding 200 MPa.m(1/2)) and resistance to shear-band formation under dynamic loading. The critical shear strain for the onset of adiabatic shear band formation is similar to 7 for the Cantor alloy, much higher than that for conventional alloys, suggesting superior ballistic properties. The slower diffusion rates resulting from the multi-element environment contribute to the excellent intermediate temperature performance. We review the principal mechanical properties of these alloys with emphasis on the face-centered cubic systems, such as the CrCoNi-based alloys. Their favorable mechanical properties and ease of processing by conventional means suggest extensive utilization in many future structural applications.
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