期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 116, 期 4, 页码 1195-1200出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814092116
关键词
big data; false positives; p-values; multiple testing; model averaging
资金
- Wellcome Trust [101237/Z/13/Z]
- Royal Society [101237/Z/13/Z]
- Big Data Institute
- Medical Research Council [MR/K01532X/1]
- MRC [MR/K01532X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Wellcome Trust [101237/Z/13/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
Analysis of big data frequently involves statistical comparison of millions of competing hypotheses to discover hidden processes underlying observed patterns of data, for example, in the search for genetic determinants of disease in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Controlling the familywise error rate (FWER) is considered the strongest protection against false positives but makes it difficult to reach the multiple testing-corrected significance threshold. Here, I introduce the harmonic mean p-value (HMP), which controls the FWER while greatly improving statistical power by combining dependent tests using generalized central limit theorem. I show that the HMP effortlessly combines information to detect statistically significant signals among groups of individually nonsignificant hypotheses in examples of a human GWAS for neuroticism and a joint human-pathogen GWAS for hepatitis C viral load. The HMP simultaneously tests all ways to group hypotheses, allowing the smallest groups of hypotheses that retain significance to be sought. The power of the HMP to detect significant hypothesis groups is greater than the power of the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure to detect significant hypotheses, although the latter only controls the weaker false discovery rate (FDR). The HMP has broad implications for the analysis of large datasets, because it enhances the potential for scientific discovery.
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