期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 115, 期 43, 页码 E10275-E10282出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802379115
关键词
fisheries; effort; footprint; habitat; seabed
资金
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation
- Walton Family Foundation
- Alaska Seafood Cooperative
- American Seafoods Group US
- Blumar Seafoods Denmark
- Clearwater Seafoods Inc.
- Espersen Group
- Glacier Fish Company LLC US
- Gortons Seafood
- Independent Fisheries Limited N.Z.
- Nippon Suisan (USA), Inc.
- Pesca Chile S.A.
- Pacific Andes International Holdings, Ltd.
- San Arawa, S.A.
- Sanford Ltd. N.Z.
- Sealord Group Ltd. N.Z.
- South African Trawling Association
- Trident Seafoods
- Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations
- European Union [BENTHIS EU-FP7 312088]
- Instituto Portugues do Mar e da Atmosfera, Portugal
- International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Science Fund
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries [BEN2012/01, DAE2010/04D]
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania
- Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Tasmania, Australia
- UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [MF1225]
Bottom trawlers land around 19 million tons of fish and invertebrates annually, almost one-quarter of wild marine landings. The extent of bottom trawling footprint (seabed area trawled at least once in a specified region and time period) is often contested but poorly described. We quantify footprints using high-resolution satellite vessel monitoring system (VMS) and logbook data on 24 continental shelves and slopes to 1,000-m depth over at least. 2 years. Trawling footprint varied markedly among regions: from <10% of seabed area in Australian and New Zealand waters, the Aleutian Islands, East Bering Sea, South Chile, and Gulf of Alaska to >50% in some European seas. Overall, 14% of the 7.8 million-km(2) study area was trawled, and 86% was not trawled. Trawling activity was aggregated; the most intensively trawled areas accounting for 90% of activity comprised 77% of footprint on average. Regional swept area ratio (SAR; ratio of total swept area trawled annually to total area of region, a metric of trawling intensity) and footprint area were related, providing an approach to estimate regional trawling footprints when high-resolution spatial data are unavailable. If SAR was <= 0.1, as in 8 of 24 regions, there was >95% probability that >90% of seabed was not trawled. If SAR was 7.9, equal to the highest. SAR recorded, there was >95% probability that >70% of seabed was trawled. Footprints were smaller and SAR was <= 0.25 in regions where fishing rates consistently met international sustainability benchmarks for fish stocks, implying collateral environmental benefits from sustainable fishing.
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