Arginine and manganese supplementation on the immune competence of broilers immune stimulated with vaccine against Salmonella Enteritidis

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of manganese-amino acid complex and arginine supplementation on the immune competence of broilers. On the day of hatch 640 male Cobb 500 broiler chicks assigned to two study groups (immune stimulate and non-stimulated). A 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used with two manganese sources (MnSO4 or manganese-amino acid complex - MnAA) and two digestible Arg:Lys ratios (1.12 or 1.20). The treatments are: IM (80 ppm MnSO4); MnAA (40 ppm MnSO4 + 40 ppm MnAA); IM+Arg: 80 ppm MnSO4+ L-Arg (Arg:DigLys 1.20); MnAA+Arg: 40 ppm MnSO4 + 40 ppm MnAA + L-Arg (Arg:Lys 1.20). For treatments 1 and 2, the digestible Arg:Lys ratio was 1.12, considered normal for corn-soybean meal-based diets. Birds in the immune stimulated group received a dose of Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine. For growth performance and lymphoid organ development, no significant results were observed. Non-stimulated birds fed diets with Arg supplementation had higher percentage of mucosal T helper, T helper and T cytotoxic, compared to the normal Arg:Lys ratio (1.12). In the immune stimulated birds, broilers fed exclusive IM diet had a higher amount of T helper, T cytotoxic, activated T cytotoxic, and APC cells compared to broilers fed MnAA. The inorganic Mn diets, resulted in higher humoral antibody level (increased IgM levels) only when associated with supplementation of L-Arg. However, the use of an associated Mn source, could support high levels of IgM in commercial levels of Arg. No differences were observed to macrophage phagocytic activity analyses.