Quantitative fingerprint and quality control analysis of Compound Liquorice Tablet combined with antioxidant activities and chemometrics methods

Background: Herbal medicine (HM), as a complex system, is difficult to investigate their quality consistency effectively by chromatographic fingerprinting obtained in a single detection method. Moreover, active compound discovery affords no information about pharmacological activity until late in the discovery process, and the interaction between HMs in vitro is not yet clear, which requires sufficient practice to prove their effectiveness. Purpose: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to improve the quality control methods of Compound Liquorice Tablet (CLT) using multi-wavelength fusion fingerprinting, explore the possible antioxidant components and assess the interaction between herbs combined with bioactivity evaluation. Methods and design: Once the theoretical standard preparation obtained in combination of multi-wavelength fusion fingerprinting and hierarchical clustering analysis, averagely linear quantified fingerprint method could rapidly calculate the composition similarities and efficiently quantify the multiple components of CLTs without any chemical standard. Furthermore, the fingerprint-efficacy relationship was investigated by integrating high performance liquid chromatography fingerprints with antioxidant activity assessment using the partial least squares model, which was capable of directly discovering the bioactive ingredients. Hereafter, combination index value was introduced to evaluate the correlation between the two antioxidant herbs in CLT formula. Results: The results showed that CLT samples were effectively identified and quantified, and their quality was accurately distinguished. By analyzing the antioxidant evaluation results, it was found that CLT had strong antioxidant activity, and through the study on PLS model and antioxidant activity assay of individual compounds, it was found that the order of chemical constituents responsible for antioxidant activity in CLT was as follows: flavonoids > saponins > alkaloids. Finally, it was determined that the CI value of GE-PPCE was in the range of 1.20-1.61, indicating that the interaction of the GE-PPCE pair was a slight antagonism. Conclusion: Thus, this study provided a preferred way for monitoring the quality consistency of HM, exploring possible bioactive components of HMs and assessing the interaction between herbs.