Catalytic oxidative desulfurization of fuels in acidic deep eutectic solvents with [(C6H13)3P(C14H29)]3PMo12O40 as a catalyst

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of green solvents analogous to ionic liquids due to their biodegradable capacity and low cost. However, the direct extractive desulfurization of diesel oil by DESs cannot meet the government's standard. In this work, amphiphilic polyoxometalates were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and mass spectrometry. The oxidative desulfurization results showed that benzothiophene (BT) could be completely removed by employing a [(C6H13)(3)P(C14H29)](3)PMo12O40, DES (ChCl/2Ac) and H2O2 system. It was also found that the organic cation of catalysts played a positive role in oxidative desulfurization. The reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature and time, the amount of catalyst and DES and H2O2/S (O/S) molar ratio, were optimized. Different sulfides were tested to determine the desulfurization selectivity of the optimal reaction system, and it was found that 97.2% of dibenzothiophene (DBT) could be removed followed by 80.7% of 4-MDBT and 76.0% of 4,6-DMDBT. After reaction, the IR spectra showed that the catalyst [(C6H13)(3)P(C14H29)](3)PMo12O40 was stable during the reaction process and the oxidative product was dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO2). Furthermore, the catalyst can be regenerated and recycled for four runs with little loss of activity.