期刊
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
卷 118, 期 1, 页码 63-71出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6115-0
关键词
Visceral leishmaniasis; Leishmania; Retinoic acid; Immune suppression; Retinoic acid-synthesizing enzymes
类别
资金
- Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (M.N.N.I.T.), Allahabad, India [MNNIT/134/RC/13-14]
People suffering from malnutrition become susceptible to the infection like Leishmania sp., as it results in a compromised immune response. Retinoic acid (RA), an important constituent of nutrition, shows an immune-modulatory activity. However, its role in the containment of infection is not yet ascertained, particularly in case of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). VL patients (n=10) and healthy endemic controls (n=9) were recruited to measure the serum levels of RA. An in vitro model of Leishmania infection using the murine m cell line J774.1 was used to investigate the RA-synthesizing enzymes (RALDH-1 and RALDH-2). Parasite loads among infected m were measured by quantitative expression of kDNA in the presence of an inhibitor of the RALDH-2 enzyme. We found a significant decrease in the serum levels of RA in VL cases. Importantly, we observed decreased levels of RALDH-1 and RALDH-2 among L. donovani-infected m phi along with simultaneous decrease as well as increase in the Th-1 and Th-2-associated factors, respectively. Furthermore, the pretreatment of m phi with an RALDH-2 inhibitor improved parasite in vitro infection. Our findings show impaired RA pathway among infected m phi and indicate that an intact RA pathway is critical for anti-Leishmania immune response.
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