Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate (PDTC) Inhibits DON-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis via the NF-kappa B/iNOS Pathway

Oxidative stress is closely linked to the toxic responses of various cell types in normal and pathophysiological conditions. Deoxynivalenol (DON), an inducer of stress responses in the ribosome and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causes mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis through oxidative stress in humans and animals. The NF-kappa B pathway, which is closely linked to oxidative stress, is hypothesized to be a critical signaling pathway for DON-induced toxicity and is a potential target for intervention. The present study was conducted to explore the protective effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) from the toxic effects of DON in rat anterior pituitary GH3 cells. Our results showed that DON activated the NF-kappa B transcription factors and induced cellular oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Morphological studies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cell apoptosis analyses suggested that PDTC prevented DON-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, probably by preventing the DON-induced translocation of NF-kappa B p65 into the nucleus, and by inhibiting DON-induced iNOS expression. This led to the blocking of the NF-kappa B pathway and inhibition of iNOS activity.