期刊
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY
卷 19, 期 12, 页码 1309-+出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0243-7
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资金
- US National Institutes of Health [AI123371, AI125215, AR061491]
The unique cell biology of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) allows it to initiate two signal-transduction cascades: a signal dependent on the adaptors TIRAP (Mal) and MyD88 that begins at the cell surface and regulates proinflammatory cytokines, and a signal dependent on the adaptors TRAM and TRIF that begins in the endosomes and drives the production of type I interferons. Negative feedback circuits to limit TLR4 signals from both locations are necessary to balance the inflammatory response. We describe a negative feedback loop driven by autocrine-paracrine prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) and the PGE(2) receptor EP4 that restricted TRIF-dependent signals and the induction of interferon-beta through the regulation of TLR4 trafficking. Inhibition of PGE(2) production or antagonism of EP4 increased the rate at which TLR4 translocated to endosomes and amplified TRIF-dependent activation of the transcription factor IRF3 and caspase-8. This PGE(2)-driven mechanism restricted TLR4-TRIF signaling in vitro after infection of macrophages by the Gram-negative pathogens Escherichia coli or Citrobacter rodentium and protected mice against mortality induced by Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium. Thus, PGE(2) restricted TLR4-TRIF signaling specifically in response to lipopolysaccharide.
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