期刊
ACS NANO
卷 10, 期 11, 页码 10462-10470出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06369
关键词
lithium-sulfur batteries; high-loading electrode; high capacity; self-discharge; porous carbon; electrochemistry
类别
资金
- Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) [DE-EE0007218]
Sulfur exhibits a high theoretical capacity of 1675 mA h g(-1) via a distinct conversion reaction, which is different from the insertion reactions in commercial lithium-ion batteries. In consideration of its conversion reaction battery chemistry, a custom design for electrode materials could establish the way for attaining high-loading capability while simultaneously maintaining high electrochemical utilization and stability. In this study, this process is undertaken by introducing carbon cotton as an attractive electrode-containment material for enhancing the dynamic and static stabilities of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The carbon cotton possessing a hierarchical macro-/microporous architecture exhibits a high surface area of 805 m(2) g(-1) and high microporosity with a micropore area of 557 m(2) g(-1). The macroporous channels allow the carbon cotton to load and stabilize a high amount of active material. The abundant microporous reaction sites spread throughout the carbon cotton facilitate the redox chemistry of the high-loading/content Li-S system. As a result, the high-loading carbon-cotton cathode exhibits (i) enhanced cycle stability with a good dynamic capacity retention of 70% after 100 cycles and (ii) improved cell storage stability with a high static capacity retention of above 93% and a low time-dependent self-discharge rate of 0.12% per day after storing for a long period of 60 days. These carbon-cotton cathodes with the remarkably highest values reported so far of both sulfur loading (61.4 mg cm(-2)) and sulfur content (80 wt %) demonstrate enhanced electrochemical utilization with the highest areal, volumetric, and gravimetric capacities simultaneously.
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