期刊
NANO LETTERS
卷 19, 期 1, 页码 269-276出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03876
关键词
Electro-optic tunability; black phosphorus; broadband; anisotropy; van der Waals materials
类别
资金
- Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-FG02-07ER46405]
- NDSEG Graduate Research Fellowship
- Resnick Institute
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [1144469]
The incorporation of electrically tunable materials into photonic structures such as waveguides and metasurfaces enables dynamic, electrical control of light propagation at the nanoscale. Few-layer black phosphorus is a promising material for these applications due to its in-plane anisotropic, quantum well band structure, with a direct band gap that can be tuned from 0.3 to 2 eV with a number of layers and subbands that manifest as additional optical transitions across a wide range of energies. In this Letter, we report an experimental investigation of three different, anisotropic electro-optic mechanisms that allow electrical control of the complex refractive index in few-layer black phosphorus from the mid-infrared to the visible: Pauli-blocking of intersubband optical transitions (the Burstein-Moss effect); the quantum-confined Stark effect; and the modification of quantum well selection rules by a symmetry-breaking, applied electric field. These effects generate near-unity tuning of the BP oscillator strength for some material thicknesses and photon energies, along a single in-plane crystal axis, transforming absorption from highly anisotropic to nearly isotropic. Lastly, the anisotropy of these electro-optical phenomena results in dynamic control of linear dichroism and birefringence, a promising concept for active control of the complex polarization state of light, or propagation direction of surface waves.
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