Consistency between the cloud and radiation processes in a numerical forecasting model

In this study, the radiation process in the Korean Integrated Model (KIM) is modified to calculate the cloud radiative forcing keeping a physical consistency with the microphysics, convection, and cloudiness schemes in an aspect of hydrometeor. A formula to calculate effective radii of cloud water in radiation scheme of the KIM is modified to be consistent with that in the microphysics scheme and the radiative effect of a subgrid-scale hydrometeor is considered along with convective parameterization and cloudiness schemes. The impacts of these modifications on radiation and precipitation are diagnosed via an observation comparison, and a detailed analysis of these impacts is conducted. Especially, the contrasting feedback of the subgrid-scale hydrometeor on precipitation over the land and the ocean is separately discussed.