Constraints on the fluid supply rate into and through gas hydrate reservoir systems as inferred from pore-water chloride and in situ temperature profiles, Krishna-Godavari Basin, India

We estimate the rate of upward pore fluid flow and chlorinity (Cl-) concentrations at depth through a joint analysis of Cl- concentration and temperature versus depth profiles obtained from gas hydrate related test sites drilled and cored in the Krishna-Godavari Basin off the eastern coast of India. Cl-, measured on conventional core samples, decreases with depth at all sites but some of the Cl(- )profiles show a prominent convex shape, whereas in situ temperature profiles, obtained by the Advanced Piston Coring Temperature probe, are mostly linear at all sites established during the National Gas Hydrate Program 02 Expedition (NGHP-02). Assuming a one-dimensional, time-dependent model for the advection of pore fluid including the sedimentation effect and depth-dependent diffusivity, we estimate darcy velocity and the Cl- concentrations at depth. The best-fit darcy velocity of 1.2-1.6 x 10(-11) m/s was estimated for the sites along the crest of the regional anticlinal structure in the NGHP-02 Area B, which was significantly faster than those on the flanks of the anticline. Because the thermal diffusion coefficient is much larger than the chloride ion diffusion coefficient, estimated darcy velocities are not great enough to generate nonlinear temperature profiles with depth, which is consistent with observed linear thermal profiles.