Triboluminescence and Metal Phosphor for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Functional Pt(II) Complexes with Both 2-Pyridylimidazol-2-ylidepe and Bipyrazolate Chelates

We report the utilization of both pyrid-2-yl-imidazolylidene and dianionic bipz chelates as constituents in syntheses of a new series of charge-neutral Pt(II) complexes 1-4, among which complex 4 revealed remarkable triboluminescence, i.e., generation of photoemission upon grinding or cracking of the solid sample. The triboluminescence is found to be sensitive to the subtle changes of the associated substituents of pyrid-2-yl-imidazolylidene chelate, as verified by the disappearance of the triboluminescence for complexes 1-3. Alternatively, the well ordered solid packing of 3, as indicated by the grazing incidence X-ray scattering experiment, serves as an ideal emitter for the fabrication of highly efficient OLEDs, rendering high external quantum efficienciy (25.9%) and luminesce efficiency (90 cd A(-1)) at the practical brightness of 100 cd m(-2). The rather low roll-off in efficiency (24.4%, 85 cd A(-1) at high brightness of 1000 cd m(-2)) is attributed to the short excited-state lifetime of 3 (similar to 800 ns) in the solid state, which in turn is associated with the MMLCT transition character.