Impacts of wise grazing on physicochemical and biological features of soil in a sandy grassland on the Tibetan Plateau

Desertification is a serious environmental problem on the Tibetan Plateau and various strategies, such as long-term fencing and grazing management, have been implemented in that region to control the soil degradation. However, little is known about the role of interactions among the soil aggregate, microbial communities, and nutrient traits in the soil restoration. In this study, we compared the effects of different restoration strategies on the formation of aggregates, the amount and distribution of soil nutrients, as well as the abundance and diversity of bacteria in a sandy soil of grassland at the Tibetan Plateau. The results demonstrated that both the grazing exclusion (GE: artificial planting and nutrient addition) and wise grazing (WG: artificial planting and nutrient addition with controlled grazing) treatments significantly increased the proportion of macroaggregates (4.0-and 5.2- times, p < 0.05) compared with the control. Increased soil organic carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were found in the aggregates of WG treatment, but not in the GE samples. In addition, WG significantly changed the bacterial composition and increased bacterial abundance in soil. This study evaluated WG as an efficient management for restoration of degraded sandy grassland in the Tibetan Plateau because it significantly enriched the soil nutrients, improved the soil structure, and increased bacterial abundance. This is the first study to relate the aggregates with nutrient accumulation and bacterial community during the soil restoration in the Tibetan Plateau.