期刊
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
卷 8, 期 40, 页码 26712-26721出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07468
关键词
grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS); crystallization kinetics; formation mechanism; perovskite; solar cell
资金
- Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan [MOST 104-3113-E-002-010, 105-3113-E-002-010]
Controlling the crystallization and morphology of perovskite films is crucial for the fabrication of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. For the first time, we investigate the formation mechanism of the drop-cast perovskite film from its precursor solution, PbCl2 and CH3NH3I in N,N-dimethylformamide, to a crystalline CH3NH3PbI3-xClx film at different substrate temperatures from 70 to 180 degrees C in ambient air and humidity. We employed an in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) technique for this study. When the substrate temperature is at or below 100 degrees C, the perovskite film is formed in three stages: the initial solution stage, transition-to-solid film stage, and transformation stage from intermediates into a crystalline perovskite film. In each stage, the multiple routes for phase transformations are preceded concurrently. However, when the substrate temperature is increased from 100 to 180 degrees C, the formation mechanism of the perovskite film is changed from the multistage formation mechanism to the direct formation mechanism. The proposed mechanism has been applied to understand the formation of a perovskite film containing an additive. The result of this study provides a fundamental understanding of the functions of the solvent and additive in the solution and transition states to the crystalline film. It provides useful knowledge to design and fabricate crystalline perovskite films for high-efficiency solar cells.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据