期刊
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
卷 8, 期 25, 页码 15874-15888出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00783
关键词
silk; non-mulberry silk; vascular graft; biomaterials; tissue engineering
资金
- Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) [2011/20/37B/16/BRNS/2262]
- Department of Biotechnology (DBT) [BT/IN/SWEDEN/38/BBM/2013]
- DBT North East Twinning grant
- Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) India
Autologous graft replacement as a strategy to treat diseased peripheral small diameter (<= 6 mm) blood vessel is often challenged by prior vein harvesting. To address this issue, we fabricated native-tissue mimicking multilayered small diameter vascular graft (SDVG) using mulberry (Bombyx mori) and Indian endemic non mulberry (Antheraea assama and Philosamia ricini) silk. Patterned silk films were fabricated on microgrooved PDMS mold, tasted by soft lithography. The biodegradable patterned film templates with aligned cell sheets were rolled onto an inert mandrel to mimic vascular conduit. The hemocompatible and mechanically strong non-mulberry films with RGD motif supported similar to 1.2 folds greater proliferation of vascular cells with aligned anchorage. Elicitation of minimal immune response on subcutaneous implantation of the films in mice was complemented by similar to 45% lower TNF alpha secretion by in vitro macrophage culture post 7 days. Pattern-induced alignment favored the functional contractile phenotype of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), expressing the signature markers calponin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC). Endothelial cells (ECs) exhibited a typical punctuated pattern of von Willebrand factor (vWF). Deposition of collagen and elastin by the SMCs substantiated the aptness of the graft with desired biomechanical attributes. Furthermore, the burst strength of the fabricated conduit was in the range of similar to 915-1260 mmHg, a prerequisite to withstand physiological pressure. This novel fabrication approach may eliminate the need of maturation in a pulsatile bioreactor for obtaining functional cellular phenotype. This work is thereby an attestation to the immense prospects of exploring non-mulberry silk for bioengineering a multilayered vascular conduit similar to a native vessel in form and function, befitting for in vivo transplantation.
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