期刊
JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY
卷 90, 期 5, 页码 475-483出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.18-0545
关键词
matrix metalloproteinase(s); periodontitis; saliva; smoking
资金
- Dental Society Apollonia
- Aarne and Aili Turunen Foundation
- Orion Research Foundation
- Juhani Aho Medical Foundation
- Association of Finnish Female Dentists
- Academy of Finland [1296541, 1266053]
- Sigrid Juselius Foundation
- Aarne Koskelo Foundation
- Paulo Foundation
- Paivi and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation
- Helsinki University Hospital Research Foundation [TYH 2016251, 2017251, 2018229, 2019319, Y1014SL017, Y1014SL018]
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Background Smoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease because of its complex impact on the inflammatory response in the periodontium. We investigated the effect of smoking on salivary periodontal biomarkers, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Methods Saliva biomarkers were analyzed in the Parogene population (n = 480) comprising a random cohort of patients that have undergone coronary angiography and oral examination. The effect of time since cessation and pack years of smoking on biomarkers were investigated. Results Saliva MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and MPO concentrations distinguished periodontitis patients significantly from patients without periodontitis. When the time since cessation was considered, the area-under-the-curve values (p-value) for periodontitis were 0.76 (<0.001), 0.74 (<0.001), 0.70 (<0.001), and 0.76 (<0.001), respectively. Adding information about smoking habits in the models improved slightly the sensitivities of all biomarkers. In logistic regression model saliva, MMP-8 was mainly affected by pack years of smoking, whereas saliva MMP-9, TIMP-1, and MPO were mostly affected by time since cessation, especially if smoking currently or quit recently (<1 year ago). Conclusion Smoking confounds the salivary diagnostics of periodontitis and should be considered when interpreting the results obtained by potential diagnostic tests.
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