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Semicircular canal biomechanics in health and disease

期刊

JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
卷 121, 期 3, 页码 732-755

出版社

AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00708.2018

关键词

alcohol nystagmus; benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; canal dehiscence; caloric; crista ampullaris; inner ear; labyrinth; Meniere's disease; motion sensation; neural encoding of movement; Tullio phenomena; vestibular

资金

  1. National Institute of Deafness and Other Communications Disorders [R01-DC-006685]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

The semicircular canals are responsible for sensing angular head motion in three-dimensional space and for providing neural inputs to the central nervous system (CNS) essential for agile mobility, stable vision, and autonomic control of the cardiovascular and other gravity-sensitive systems. Sensation relies on fluid mechanics within the labyrinth to selectively convert angular head acceleration into sensory hair bundle displacements in each of three inner ear sensory organs. Canal afferent neurons encode the direction and time course of head movements over a broad range of movement frequencies and amplitudes. Disorders altering canal mechanics result in pathological inputs to the CNS, often leading to debilitating symptoms. Vestibular disorders and conditions with mechanical substrates include benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus, direction-changing positional nystagmus, alcohol positional nystagmus, caloric nystagmus, Tullio phenomena, and others. Here, the mechanics of angular motion transduction and how it contributes to neural encoding by the semicircular canals is reviewed in both health and disease.

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