期刊
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
卷 60, 期 3, 页码 566-578出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M090464
关键词
Alzheimer's disease; omega 3 fatty acids; brain lipids; fish oil; inflammation; lysophospholipid; nutrition/lipids; blood-brain barrier; retina; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; eicosapentaenoic acid; docosahexaenoic acid
资金
- Center for Integrated Healthcare, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Merit Review Award [I01 BX001090]
- National Institutes of Health from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Medicine [R21AT00847]
- Office of the NIH Director Grant [S10 OD010660]
EPA and DHA protect against multiple metabolic and neurologic disorders. Although DHA appears more effective for neuroinflammatory conditions, EPA is more beneficial for depression. However, the brain contains negligible amounts of EPA, and dietary supplements fail to increase it appreciably. We tested the hypothesis that this failure is due to absorption of EPA as triacylglycerol, whereas the transporter at the blood-brain barrier requires EPA as lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). We compared tissue uptake in normal mice gavaged with equal amounts (3.3 mu mol/day) of either LPC-EPA or free EPA (surrogate for current supplements) for 15 days and also measured target gene expression. Compared with the no-EPA control, LPC-EPA increased brain EPA >100-fold (from 0.03 to 4 mu mol/g); free EPA had little effect. Furthermore, LPC-EPA, but not free EPA, increased brain DHA 2-fold. Free EPA increased EPA in adipose tissue, and both supplements increased EPA and DHA in the liver and heart. Only LPC-EPA increased EPA and DHA in the retina, and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cyclic AMP response element binding protein, and 5-hydroxy tryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A in the brain. These novel results show that brain EPA can be increased through diet. Because LPC-EPA increased both EPA and DHA in the brain, it may help in the treatment of depression as well as neuroinflammatory diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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