期刊
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
卷 94, 期 5, 页码 1362-1373出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5869
关键词
biofuel; Jatropha seeds; free fatty acid; sulphuric acid; in situ esterification; ultrasound
类别
资金
- University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur under FRGS-MRSA [MO014-2016]
- University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur under SATU joint research scheme [ST005-2017]
- University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur under Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Research Fund [UTARRF/2018-CI/PO1]
BACKGROUNDNon-edible oil such as Jatropha oil has high free fatty acids (FFAs) content. Therefore, acid esterification is a suitable route to reduce its FFA content to an acceptable limit (2 FFA%) before being subjected to further transesterification. In the present study, Jatropha seeds were utilized as the feedstock directly instead of Jatropha oil during ultrasound-assisted in situ esterification. The objective of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of in situ esterification of Jatropha oil seeds using sulphuric acid (H2SO4) as catalyst with the aid of ultrasound. RESULTSThe reaction parameters (particle size, n-hexane to methanol volume ratio, H2SO4 amount, reaction time and ultrasonic amplitude) were optimized and evaluated in term of extraction and esterification efficiencies as well as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield. The highest extraction efficiency of 83.96%, esterification efficiency of 71.10% and FAME yield of 38.58% were achieved at particle size of 1-2mm, n-hexane to methanol volume ratio of 3:1, 5vol% of H2SO4 and ultrasonic amplitude of 60% with reaction time of 150min. CONCLUSIONSynthesis of biodiesel via ultrasound-assisted in situ esterification of Jatropha oil seeds was successful with considerable yield, which could provide improvement in terms of process intensification and more value added by-products. (c) 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
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