期刊
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
卷 66, 期 46, 页码 12265-12273出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04373
关键词
anthocyanin; polyphenol; fruit waste; dyes; quantification; characterization
资金
- Department for Environment Food Rural Affairs [LK0821]
- Innovate UK [BW004A/130229]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK
Natural colorants were extracted from renewable botanical sources, specifically waste epicarp from the blackcurrant fruit pressing industry. A process was developed which used acidified water extraction followed by a solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification stage which allowed the production of an anthocyanin-rich extract in good yields (ca. 2% w/w based on dry weight of raw material). The components in the extracts were extensively characterized by HPLC, mass spectrometry, IR, NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. HPLC confirmed presence of four anthocyanins: delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside (45%), cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (31%), and the corresponding glucosides at 16% and 8%, respectively. On sequential liquid-liquid aqueous-organic partitioning of the post-SPE sample, monomeric anthocyanins (54.7%) and polymeric anthocyanins (18%) were found in the aqueous layer with 3-O-rutinosides of myricetin (3.1%) and quercetin (3.2%), while isopropylacetate achieved selective extraction of caffeic acid (3%), p-coumaric acid (5%), and myricetin (2.5%) and quercetin (3.2%) aglycons. 3-O-Glucosides of myricetin (3.1%) and quercetin (2%), along with nigrumin-p-coumarate (1%) and nigrumin ferulate (0.5%) were selectively extracted from the remaining aqueous fraction using ethyl acetate. This allowed for near total quantification of the blackcurrant extract composition.
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