Maiden application of SSA-optimised CC-TID controller for load frequency control of power systems

This study describes a maiden application of salp swarm algorithm (SSA) optimised cascade tilt-integral-derivative controller (CC-TID) for frequency and tie-line power control of interconnected power systems (IPSs). The proposed controller includes both the merit of the cascade control algorithm and fractional-order calculus. In the proposed CC-TID controller, TID controller is used as a slave controller and a proportional-integral (PI) controller served the role of master controller. To elucidate the effectiveness, the designed controller has employed to, initially, two-area IPS followed by four-area IPS. SSA is used to pursue the optimum settings of the CC-TID controller via the minimisation of area control error. Performances of CC-TID controller is obtained and compared with I-, PI-, PI-derivative-, cascade PI-PD, and TID controllers. Simulation results, apparently, show that SSA: CC-TID controller exhibits superior performance compared with other controllers described above. Moreover, the performance of SSA is evaluated and compared with differential evolution and flower pollination algorithm in terms of convergence profile, power density, and statistical results. Finally, time-varying step load perturbation and random load perturbation are applied to confirm the robust behaviour of SSA: CC-TID controller.