期刊
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
卷 73, 期 3, 页码 458-464出版社
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0388-3
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资金
- Else Kroner-Fresenius Foundation, Bad Homburg
- International Unilever Foundation, Hamburg
- European Union-funded Early Nutrition Programming Project (EARNEST) consortium [FOOD-CT-2005-007036]
- German Ministry of Education and Research via the Competence Network Obesity (Kompetenznetz Adipositas) [01GI0842]
- Danone Research-Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Friedrichsdorf, Germany
Background/Objectives Limited research suggests that exposure to long-chain PUFAs (LCPUFAs) during perinatal development can influence adipose tissue expansion later in life. In previous analyses, we observed that maternal LCPUFAs in late gestation promote offspring gestational growth, whereas breast milk n-3 LCPUFAS promote adipogenesis in infants up to 1 year. This follow-up analysis examines these relationships in offspring up to 5 years. Subjects/Methods In this observational study of 169 children, relationships between n-3, n-6 LCPUFAs, and the n-6/n-3 LCPUFA ratio in maternal blood at 32 week's gestation, cord blood, and breast milk, and anthropometry in offspring from 2 to 5 years were investigated. Body composition was assessed with indirect (i.e., body weight, BMI percentiles, sum of four skinfold thicknesses) and direct (i.e., ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging in a subgroup) measurement tools. Results Maternal and cord blood LCPUFAs were largely not shown to be related to offspring body composition. Breast milk n-3 LCPUFAs were significantly positively related to several measurements of child anthropometry at 2 and 4 y, but only a positive relationship between n-3 LCPUFAs and lean body mass remained statistically significant at 5 y. Breast milk n-6/n-3 LCPUFA ratio was inversely related to weight and BMI percentiles at 2 y, and lean body mass at 4 and 5 y. Conclusions Results from this follow-up do not provide sufficient evidence that LCPUFAs in maternal blood, cord blood, and breast milk predict offspring adiposity in children up to 5 years.
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