期刊
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
卷 121, 期 -, 页码 1121-1127出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.026
关键词
Autism; Air pollution; PM1; PM2.5; PM10; China
资金
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [APP1107107, APP1109193]
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) - Centre for Air quality and health Research and evaluation (CAR) [APP1030259]
- China Scholarship Council (CSC)
Background: The evidence for adverse effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution on mental health is limited. Studies in Western countries suggested higher risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) associated with PM air pollution, but no such study has been done in developing countries. Methods: A case-control study was performed in Shanghai with a multi-stage random sampling design. Children's exposures to PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 1 mu m,< 2.5 mu m and < 10 mu m, respectively) during the first three years after birth were estimated with satellite remote sensing data. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the PM-ASD association. Results: In total, 124 ASD cases and 1240 healthy controls were included in this study. The median levels of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 exposures during the first three years of life were 48.8 mu g/m(3), 66.2 mu g/m(3) and 95.4 mu g/m(3), respectively, and the interquartile range (IQR) for these three pollutants were 4.8 mu g/m(3), 3.4 mu g/m(3) and 4.9 mu g/m(3), respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of ASD associated with an IQR increase for PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 were 1.86 (1.09, 3.17), 1.78 (1.14, 2.76) and 1.68 (1.09, 2.59), respectively. Higher ORs of ASD associated with PM pollution were observed in the second and the third year after birth. Conclusions: Exposures to PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 during the first three years of life were associated with the increased risk of ASD and there appeared to be stronger effects of ambient PM pollution on ASD in the second and the third years after birth.
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