期刊
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
卷 193, 期 -, 页码 110-116出版社
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.047
关键词
Tobacco; Roll-your-own; Hand-rolled; Taxation; Weight; ITC
资金
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research (PHR) program [13/43/58]
- UK Department of Health
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [57897, 79551, 115016]
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation [045734]
- Cancer Research UK [C312/A326, C312/A6465, C312/A11039, C312/A11943]
- Australia Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing
- Canadian Tobacco Control Research Initiative [014578]
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [265903, 450110, 1005922]
- US National Cancer Institute [R01 CA100362, R01 CA090955, P50 CA111236, P01 CA138389]
- Medical Research Council
- British Heart Foundation
- Cancer Research UK
- Economic and Social Research Council
- National Institute for Health Research under the UK Clinical Research Collaboration [MR/ K023195/1]
Background: Roll-Your-Own tobacco (RYO) use is increasingly popular in many countries: it is generally cheaper than factory-made cigarettes (FM), and smokers can further reduce costs by adjusting the amount of tobacco in each cigarette. However, the level of risk of RYO compared with FM cigarettes is similar and does not meaningfully change with cigarette weight. We assessed the weight of tobacco in RYO cigarettes across jurisdictions with differing tobacco taxes/prices and over time. Method: Six waves of the International Tobacco Control 4 Country longitudinal study of smokers and recent ex smokers, providing 3176 observations from exclusive RYO users covering 2006-15, are used to calculate the weight of tobacco used in RYO cigarettes in the US, Canada, Australia, and the UK. Multilevel regression analyses were used to compare weights across countries, socio-demographic factors, and over time. Results: Smokers in the UK and Australia, where tobacco is relatively expensive, show higher levels of exclusive RYO use (25.8% and 13.8% respectively) and lower mean weights of tobacco per RYO cigarette (0.51 g(sd 0.32 g) and 0.53 g(0.28 g)), compared with both Canada and especially the US (6.0% and 3.5%, and 0.76 g (0.45 g) and 1.07 g(0.51 g)). Smokers in the UK and Australia also exhibited a statistically significant year -on year decrease in the mean weight of each RYO cigarette. Conclusions: Taxation of RYO should increase considerably in the UK and Australia so that RYO and FM cigarettes are taxed equivalently to reduce RYO attractiveness and inequalities. Other measures to reduce the price differentials, including taxing RYO solely on weight, are also discussed.
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