Effect of Stem Cell Treatment on Acute Liver Failure Model Using Scaffold

BackgroundInjecting MSCs via blood vessel is most commonly used method, which has a major drawback of safety. The aim of our study was to evaluate efficacy using scaffold-loaded MSCs in acute liver failure model.MethodAcute liver failure was induced in mice using thioacetamide (TAA) (200mg/kg, i.p) once a day for two consecutive days. The animals were divided in four acute liver failure groups: (1) TAA; (2) empty scaffold; (3) MSCs injected through tail vein; (4) MSC+Scaffold, scaffold loaded with MSCs, to evaluate the mortality and changes in liver function. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid scaffold alone and loaded with human MSCs was implanted on mice dorsum.ResultsTAA dose was titrated until one-third mortality rate was achieved. TAA (200mg/kg) once daily for two consecutive days was injected to establish the acute liver failure model. The mortality of TAA and scaffold groups was 55.9% and 63.2%, respectively. Although, mortality of MSC-TV group decreased 14.7% as compared to TAA group (p=0.200), MSC+Scaffold group had the lowest mortality (31.4%) (p=0.013). Cells implanted in PLGA biomaterial were survived until 3weeks, and their function was increased. Area of hepatic inflammation and necrosis was significantly reduced in MSC-TV and MSC+Scaffold groups; but there was no difference between the two groups. Gene expressions related to inflammation were significantly decreased in MSC-TV and MSC+Scaffold groups compared to TAA group. In MSC+Scaffold group, no migration of stem cells to liver tissue was observed. Although, not all cells in scaffold were stained, some of them were differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells which stained positive for PAS and CYP2E1 antibody.ConclusionScaffold loaded with MSCs showed protective effects via paracrine signaling on acute liver failure model.