期刊
DIABETOLOGIA
卷 62, 期 1, 页码 78-86出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4751-7
关键词
Cohort analysis; Diabetes mellitus; Growth differentiation factor 15; Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1
资金
- Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation [2016-0315, 2017-0626]
- Region Skane County Council
- China Scholarship Council [201706940044]
Aims/hypothesisGrowth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine of the transforming growth factor- superfamily. Circulating levels of GDF-15 are associated with hyperglycaemia among people with obesity or diabetes, but longitudinal evidence on the association between GDF-15 levels and diabetes risk is scarce. Our aim was to explore whether circulating levels of GDF-15 at baseline are positively associated with future diabetes incidence in a middle-aged urban population.MethodsBetween 1991 and 1994, baseline fasting plasma GDF-15 levels were measured in 4360 individuals without diabetes (mean age 57.45.96years, 38.6% men) who were participants in the Malmo Diet and Cancer-Cardiovascular Cohort. After a follow-up of 19.05.16years (mean +/- SD), Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used for the study of the relationship between baseline GDF-15 and incident diabetes, with adjustment for established confounders. A sensitivity analysis included further adjustment for levels of C-reactive protein (CRP).Results During the follow-up period, 621 individuals developed diabetes. The multivariate-adjusted HR for diabetes incidence was 1.43 (95% CI 1.11, 1.83; p for trend = 0.007) for the fourth compared with the first quartile of GDF-15, and was 1.17 (95% CI 1.07, 1.28; p<0.001) per SD increase of GDF-15. If participants were grouped according to baseline fasting glucose, the association between GDF-15 and diabetes risk was only evident in the group without impaired fasting glucose (n=3973). The association tended to be less significant with increasing age: multivariate-adjusted HRs for diabetes per SD increase of GDF-15 were 1.24 (95% CI 1.08, 1.42), 1.19 (95% CI 1.00, 1.41) and 1.04 (95% CI 0.89, 1.23) for participants aged 55, 56-60 (>55 and 60) and >60years, respectively. With adjustment for levels of CRP, the HR per SD increase of GDF-15 (1.21, 95% CI 1.09, 1.35) was significant (p=0.015), but the HR for the fourth compared with the first quartile of GDF-15 was not significant (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.01, 1.67; p for trend = 0.061).Conclusions/interpretation GDF-15 may be useful for identification of people with a risk of incident diabetes, especially if those people are 60years old.
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