期刊
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
卷 448, 期 2, 页码 71-87出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.01.003
关键词
Ascidians; Embryo; Chromatin; Enhancer; Transcription; Evolution
资金
- Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (TED project) [ANR-13-BSV2-0011]
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [ERC-AdG-LS8]
- Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [BFU2016-74961-P, BFU2014-55738]
- Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maetzu 2017-2021 [MDM-2016-0687]
- Andalusian Government [BIO-396]
- EpiGenMed Laboratory of excellence
- FRM [FDT20160435698, SPF20120523969]
- Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad
- EMBO short-term fellowship
- TED
- HHMI
Ascidian species of the Phallusia and Ciona genera are distantly related, their last common ancestor dating several hundred million years ago. Although their genome sequences have extensively diverged since this radiation, Phallusia and Ciona species share almost identical early morphogenesis and stereotyped cell lineages. Here, we explored the evolution of transcriptional control between P. mammillata and C. robusta. We combined genome-wide mapping of open chromatin regions in both species with a comparative analysis of the regulatory sequences of a test set of 10 pairs of orthologous early regulatory genes with conserved expression patterns. We find that ascidian chromatin accessibility landscapes obey similar rules as in other metazoa. Open chromatin regions are short, highly conserved within each genus and cluster around regulatory genes. The dynamics of chromatin accessibility and closest-gene expression are strongly correlated during early embryogenesis. Open-chromatin regions are highly enriched in cis-regulatory elements: 73% of 49 open chromatin regions around our test genes behaved as either distal enhancers or proximal enhancer/promoters following electroporation in Phallusia eggs. Analysis of this datasets suggests a pervasive use in ascidians of shadow enhancers with partially overlapping activities. Cross-species electroporations point to a deep conservation of both the trans-regulatory logic between these distantly-related ascidians and the cis-regulatory activities of individual enhancers. Finally, we found that the relative order and approximate distance to the transcription start site of open chromatin regions can be conserved between Ciona and Phallusia species despite extensive sequence divergence, a property that can be used to identify orthologous enhancers, whose regulatory activity can partially diverge.
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