Tetra-ammonium Zinc Phthalocyanine to Construct a Graded 2D-3D Perovskite Interface for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

.Summary of main observation and conclusion The crystallographic defects inevitably incur during the solution processed organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite film, especially at surface and the grain boundaries (GBs) of perovskite film, which can further result in the reduced cell performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a simple defect passivation method was employed by treating perovskite precursor film with a hydrophobic tetra-ammonium zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc). The results demonstrated that a 2D-3D graded perovskite interface with a capping layer of 2D (ZnPc)(0.5)MA(n - 1)Pb(n)I(3n + 1) perovskite together with 3D MAPbI(3) perovskite was successfully constructed on the top of 3D perovskite layer. This situation realized the efficient GBs passivation, thus reducing the defects in GBs. As expected, the corresponding PSCs with modified perovskite revealed an improved cell performance. The best efficiency reached 19.6%. Especially, the significantly enhanced long-term stability of the responding PSCs against humidity and heating was remarkably achieved. Such a strategy in this work affords an efficient method to improve the stability of PSCs and thus probably brings the PSCs closer to practical commercialization.