期刊
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
卷 31, 期 2, 页码 541-552出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04614
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资金
- Netherlands Center for Multiscale Catalytic Energy Conversion (MCEC), an NWO Gravitation program - Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of the government of The Netherlands
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC-2014-CoG) [648991]
In colloidal Cu2-xS nanocrystal synthesis, thiols are often used as organic ligands and the sulfur source, as they yield high-quality nanocrystals. However, thiol ligands on Cu2-xS nanocrystals are difficult to exchange, limiting the applications of these nanocrystals in photovoltaics, biomedical sensing, and photocatalysis. Here, we present an effective and facile procedure to exchange native 1-dodecanethiol on Cu2-xS nanocrystals by 3-mercaptopropionate, 11-mercap-toundecanoate, and S2- in formamide under inert atmosphere. The product hydrophilic Cu2-xS nanocrystals have excellent colloidal stability in formamide. Furthermore, the size, shape, and optical properties of the nanocrystals are not significantly affected by the ligand exchange. Water-dispersibleCu(2-x)S nanocrystals are easily obtained by precipitation of the nanocrystals capped by S2- , 3-mercaptopropionate, or 11-mercaptoundecanoate from formamide, followed by redispersion in water. Interestingly, the ligand exchange rates for Cu2-xS nanocrystals capped with 1-dodecanethiol are observed to depend on the preparation method, being much slower for Cu2-xS nanocrystals prepared through heating-up than through hot-injection synthesis protocols. XPS studies reveal that the differences in the ligand exchange rates are due to the surface chemistry of the Cu2-xS nanocrystals, where the nanocrystals prepared via hot-injection synthesis have a less dense ligand layer due to the presence of trioctylphosphine oxide during synthesis. A model is proposed that explains the observed differences in the ligand exchange rates. The facile ligand exchange procedures reported here enable the use of high-quality colloidal Cu2-xS nanocrystals prepared in the presence of 1-dodecanethiol in various applications.
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