期刊
CANCERS
卷 7, 期 1, 页码 427-438出版社
MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010427
关键词
neutron; dose algorithm; equivalent; proton; therapy; stray dose
类别
资金
- Rosalie B. Hite Fellowship
- POFII Program of the Helmholtz Gemainschaft
- National Cancer Institute [1 R01 CA131463-01A1]
- Northern Illinois University through a Department of Defense [W81XH-08-1-0205]
Equivalent dose from neutrons produced during proton radiotherapy increases the predicted risk of radiogenic late effects. However, out-of-field neutron dose is not taken into account by commercial proton radiotherapy treatment planning systems. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing an analytical model to calculate leakage neutron equivalent dose in a treatment planning system. Passive scattering proton treatment plans were created for a water phantom and for a patient. For both the phantom and patient, the neutron equivalent doses were small but non-negligible and extended far beyond the therapeutic field. The time required for neutron equivalent dose calculation was 1.6 times longer than that required for proton dose calculation, with a total calculation time of less than 1 h on one processor for both treatment plans. Our results demonstrate that it is feasible to predict neutron equivalent dose distributions using an analytical dose algorithm for individual patients with irregular surfaces and internal tissue heterogeneities. Eventually, personalized estimates of neutron equivalent dose to organs far from the treatment field may guide clinicians to create treatment plans that reduce the risk of late effects.
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